Undue concentration of media ownership and how it affects the free flow of. In order to be able to analyse media ownership, and resulting media concentration, one has to know the right questions. Many scholars of media concentration emphasize pluralism and diversity of media as a foundation for democracy, about media content and its impact on citizens. Hrvatin, university of ljubljana peace institute ljubljana. Common cause reports that one company may own three tv stations, eight radio stations, a local newspaper and the cable system in. Media ownership and concentration in america will be essential reading and a trove of information for scholars and students in media, telecommunications, it, economics, and the history of business, as well as media industry professionals, business researchers, and policy makers around the world. Th is endeavour to map the patterns of media ownership is the. The crossmedia ownership laws brought in by the federal labor government in 1987 was the start of modern media change. Soderlund, colette brin, lydia miljan, and kai hildebrandt, crossmedia ownership and democratic practice in canada 2012.
This is an essential contribution to the debate about dangers posed to democracy and global cultural heritage when media ownership is condensed into the hands of. After examining 100 separate media and network industries in detail, noam provides a powerful summary and analysis of concentration trends across industries and major media sectors. In conclusion, the concentration of media ownership is an issue that must be addressed. Televisa has been accused of taking cash for positive coverage of politicians in mexico. Media ownership and the quality of news nieman reports.
After a quick look at the south african media scene, the chapter analyzes print media newspapers, book publishing, magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, video channels, film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless telecom, and internet media internet. Free press slams fcc report on the abysmal state of broadcastownership diversity and urges action. Concentration of media, telecommunications and internet in the hands of the oligarchy. Media ownership and concentration in america ebook por eli.
The influence of media ownership and control on media agenda setting in nigeria international journal of humanities social sciences and education ijhsse page 38 3. It is also a highly contentious subject of public debate in many countries around the world. Part one the media landscape the united states of america. Why is concentration of media ownership so routinely condemned. Media ownership patterns the ownership of the mass media namely. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Noam, media ownership and concentration in america 9 oxford university press, 200925 23. Concentration of media ownership linkedin slideshare. Media ownership and concentration in south africa oxford.
Noam sets out to explain the state of the media in america today through a comprehensive analysis of the past twenty. Ownership, control and political content a representative programming schedule taken from television listings published in the straights times newspaper in october 1999 appears below, and indicates the types of program content available during early. This chapter describes media ownership and concentration in south africa. In italy, silvio berlusconis companies have dominated italian politics. The influence of media ownership and control on media.
But this list gives a general idea of the media ownership concentration. Report to the secretary of state on the operation of the. Over a 25year period, noam columbia business school and global scholars compiled data on media ownership and concentration, as well as crossmedia and its crossnational ownership. Concentration of media ownership and its impact on media. It examines the media through the lens of the public policy debates about limits on the number and type of media outlets that a single firm can own. Noam, media ownership and concentration in america, 142 oxford university press, 2009.
Crossmedia ownership when a company which produces two or more types of media. To what extent does the mass public perceive there to be pluralism in media content and ownership. This chapter looks at media ownership and concentration in spain. Noams latest book media ownership and concentration in america. Graham meikle and sherman young, media convergence. Analyzing the concentration of us media ownership market.
The local radio ownership rule, which limits the number of radio stations in a market that can be commonly owned, using a sliding scale based on the number of other stations in the market. These 6 corporations control 90% of the media in america. Once it has provided an overview of the spanish media landscape, the chapter considers print media newspapers, book publishing, magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, video channels, film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless telecom, and internet media. Media conglomerates, mergers, concentration of ownership. Extreme concentration of ownership in the united states. The current debate over media ownership limits this book presents a critical view of the current state of commercial mass media in america. The concentration of private power over media has been the subject of intense public debate around the world. Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the library of congress catalog. It has been axiomatic since the emergence of a press that is not irredeemably allied to the interests of the state or to party political factions that plurality of media ownership is an essential element of a. The laws strictly prohibited the control of more than one commercial television license or newspaper or commercial radio license in the same market, thus aiming to reduce the potential for undue media concentration. The dimension of ownership and control of media springerlink. These media officials are the individuals that have perhaps the strongest influence over the public out of all of the people in positions of power.
People have worried for many years about the concentration of private power over the media, as evidenced by controversy over federal communication commission rulings on broadcast ownership limits. Media ownership and concentration has major implications for politics, business, culture, regulation, and innovation. Blethen, media ownership and the quality of news as the federal communications commission considers changing rules, journalists need to pay better attention. This part of the web site looks into the issue of corporate influence in the mainstream media. For a more graphical or visual representation i found this source to be helpful visually and i found this one helpful in terms of graphical simplicity. Media consolidation refers to a trend in which a single company or corporation owns multiple media outlets in a given market area of distribution or transmission. In terms of news media what we think of as mainstream media the list condenses.
Concerns over ownership of media and their effects on pluralism first arose in the late nineteenth century with the development of politically active press barons in the united kingdom and the united states, but ownership did not become a policy issue in most countries until choice about ownership of broadcasting emerged in the first half of the twentieth century. Measures for diagonal integration are the media ownership concentration and diversity index noam, 2009, p. Table of contents for media ownership and concentration in america eli m. Empirical studies session on improving the quality of public policy analysis of media ownership march 12, 2010 this book took a long time, but it has benefited greatly from being wellmarinated. Pdf pluralism and concentration of media ownership. Media ownership and concentration in america by eli m. Media ownership and concentration in america ebook by eli.
He also looks at local media power, vertical concentration, and the changing nature of media ownership through financial institutions and private equity. To put so much power into the hands of so few is against the principles of democracy. In a followup article to the present one the two published in parallel, i have disclosed the incredible degree of concentration of ownership in the media, including all the digital means of communication. Media ownership and its impact on media independence and. All papers will be published electronically as pdf files. We can safely assert that media concentration and its in. Media ownership and democracy in the digital information age. Media ownership and concentration in america researchgate. Media ownership and concentration in america oxford scholarship.
Key lessons to be learned from media ownership and. Table of contents for media ownership and concentration in. Concentration of media ownership the process by which an increasingly smaller number of companies own most media outlets. In describing the five globaldimension conglomerates which dominate the american media. Hundreds of local and regional radio and television stations comprise the u. Media ownership elizabeth hart editorial independence the concentration of media ownership also matters because of its potential for the control of editorial matter, news and other information throughout the media. Trump tries, tries again to defund noncommercial media. Regulation of broadcasting to address ownership concentration in latin america. Media concentration as such is not a phenomenon exclusive to contemporary societies, but one of its new features is an almost incestuous relationship between politics and the media. Media consolidation in america over the past two decades gets an informative and valuable analysis in eli m.
Concentration of media ownership and freedom of expression. Media ownership and concentration in americawill be essential reading and a trove of information for scholars and students in media, telecommunications, it, economics, and the history of business, as well as media industry professionals, business researchers, and policy makers around the world. The theory why is concentration of media ownership so routinely condemned. Concentration of media ownership also known as mediaconsolidation or media convergence is a process wherebyprogressively fewer individuals or organizations c slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Measurement issues article pdf available in javnost the public 173.